Refuse incineratorAnalysis of incineration system:
(1) Furnace body
The furnace body is a cavity built on the upper part of the grate with refractory materials, insulation materials, and thermal insulation materials, wrapped in steel plates to prevent smoke leakage and keep the surface temperature of the furnace body below 50 ℃. There is a maintenance door on the side of the furnace body, and the auxiliary ignition burner is also located on the side. The furnace body is equipped with an operating console.
The flue gas in the furnace flushes the material from bottom to top, drying the moisture in the material and igniting it in a timely manner. In addition, the front and rear arch refractory materials store heat and radiate the material, thereby ensuring the combustion temperature of the material. Extended the residence time of flue gas, completely burned the organic matter in materials and fly ash, and improved the destruction rate of harmful substances.
The furnace body is lined with high-temperature refractory materials, with insulation material in the middle and insulation material on the outer layer, which can reduce the heat loss of the furnace body and improve the incineration efficiency; Use steel plates as a protective layer on the exterior to prevent air leakage; The refractory material used is a type of refractory material developed jointly by our company and the Building Materials Science Research Institute, which is resistant to acid smoke corrosion, high temperature, and high strength.
(2) Factors affecting the performance of incinerators
As an incineration system, the main indicator is the destruction rate of harmful substances in the incineration device, which is mainly affected by the following factors: incineration temperature, retention time, disturbance, and excess air coefficient.
1. Incineration temperature
The incineration temperature refers to the temperature at which harmful components in waste are oxidized, decomposed, and eventually destroyed at high temperatures. Generally speaking, increasing the incineration temperature is beneficial for the destruction of harmful substances in waste and can suppress the production of black smoke. However, excessively high temperatures not only increase fuel consumption, but also increase the content of nitrogen oxides in the flue gas. Therefore, it is reasonable to use an appropriate temperature while ensuring the destruction rate. Most harmful microorganisms in waste cannot survive at around 70-100 ℃, and the incineration temperature for treating short chain organic matter is generally 700-800 ℃. Therefore, in this scheme, the furnace temperature can meet the incineration temperature of such waste.
2. Retention time
Retention time refers to the time required for harmful components in waste to undergo oxidation and decomposition under incineration conditions, and to complete harmless substances. The length of retention time directly affects the destruction rate of incineration and also determines the specific size of the furnace. There are many factors that affect the retention time, such as incineration temperature, excess air coefficient, and the degree of mixing of air with waste in the furnace. To ensure the complete decomposition of waste and combustion products, the waste is kept in the incinerator at around 600 ℃ for about 1 hour.
3 disturbances
In order to fully decompose waste and combustion products, it is necessary to strengthen the sufficient contact and mixing between air and waste, air and flue gas, expand the contact area, and enable harmful substances to oxidize and decompose in a short period of time at high temperatures. The incinerator has a unique air supply system and sufficient air pressure to enhance the mixing degree between the system and waste and flue gas.
4 Excess Air Coefficient
The required air quantity for material combustion is composed of two parts: theoretical air quantity and excess air quantity. The sum of the two determines the oxygen concentration during the incineration process, while the excess air volume determines the oxygen content in the remaining flue gas. The concentration of oxygen in the furnace, as well as the degree of mixing of materials and flue gas with oxygen, seriously affect the combustion rate and clean burning rate of materials. Excessive air volume can improve the combustion rate and clean burning rate, but it will increase the amount of auxiliary fuel, air blowing, induced draft, and exhaust gas treatment scale, which is uneconomical. Conversely, if the excess air volume is too small, the combustion will not be complete, and even black smoke will be produced, and harmful substances will not decompose. Generally, the excess air volume is taken as 30-49.99% of the theoretical air value.
5. Exhaust gas treatment system
Dust collector system
This scheme adopts a centrifugal dust collector - cyclone dust collector, to remove dust from the flue gas after incineration. The dust collection system consists of three parts: a dust collection cylinder, an inverted cone, and an exhaust duct. The function of the dust collection system is to collect the particulate dust contained in the flue gas generated by incineration materials together, which is convenient for centralized cleaning and can reduce air pollution, thus purifying the environment. Working principle of dust collection system: The particulate dust contained in the flue gas generated by burning materials reaches the cyclone dust collector (commonly known as the dust collection bucket) under the strong suction force of the induced draft fan. A cyclone dust collector is a device that uses the principle of centrifugal descent to separate particulate dust from an airflow. The upper part of the cyclone dust collector is conical in shape. When the dust containing gas enters from the tangential direction of the inlet pipe on the upper side of the cylinder, it obtains rotational reverse motion, separates the dust, and is discharged from the exhaust pipe at the top of the cylinder. The dust particles fall into the dust collection cylinder from the conical bottom.
(1) Furnace body
The furnace body is a cavity built on the upper part of the grate with refractory materials, insulation materials, and thermal insulation materials, wrapped in steel plates to prevent smoke leakage and keep the surface temperature of the furnace body below 50 ℃. There is a maintenance door on the side of the furnace body, and the auxiliary ignition burner is also located on the side. The furnace body is equipped with an operating console.
The flue gas in the furnace flushes the material from bottom to top, drying the moisture in the material and igniting it in a timely manner. In addition, the front and rear arch refractory materials store heat and radiate the material, thereby ensuring the combustion temperature of the material. Extended the residence time of flue gas, completely burned the organic matter in materials and fly ash, and improved the destruction rate of harmful substances.
The furnace body is lined with high-temperature refractory materials, with insulation material in the middle and insulation material on the outer layer, which can reduce the heat loss of the furnace body and improve the incineration efficiency; Use steel plates as a protective layer on the exterior to prevent air leakage; The refractory material used is a type of refractory material developed jointly by our company and the Building Materials Science Research Institute, which is resistant to acid smoke corrosion, high temperature, and high strength.
(2) Factors affecting the performance of incinerators
As an incineration system, the main indicator is the destruction rate of harmful substances in the incineration device, which is mainly affected by the following factors: incineration temperature, retention time, disturbance, and excess air coefficient.
1. Incineration temperature
The incineration temperature refers to the temperature at which harmful components in waste are oxidized, decomposed, and eventually destroyed at high temperatures. Generally speaking, increasing the incineration temperature is beneficial for the destruction of harmful substances in waste and can suppress the production of black smoke. However, excessively high temperatures not only increase fuel consumption, but also increase the content of nitrogen oxides in the flue gas. Therefore, it is reasonable to use an appropriate temperature while ensuring the destruction rate. Most harmful microorganisms in waste cannot survive at around 70-100 ℃, and the incineration temperature for treating short chain organic matter is generally 700-800 ℃. Therefore, in this scheme, the furnace temperature can meet the incineration temperature of such waste.
2. Retention time
Retention time refers to the time required for harmful components in waste to undergo oxidation and decomposition under incineration conditions, and to complete harmless substances. The length of retention time directly affects the destruction rate of incineration and also determines the specific size of the furnace. There are many factors that affect the retention time, such as incineration temperature, excess air coefficient, and the degree of mixing of air with waste in the furnace. To ensure the complete decomposition of waste and combustion products, the waste is kept in the incinerator at around 600 ℃ for about 1 hour.
3 disturbances
In order to fully decompose waste and combustion products, it is necessary to strengthen the sufficient contact and mixing between air and waste, air and flue gas, expand the contact area, and enable harmful substances to oxidize and decompose in a short period of time at high temperatures. The incinerator has a unique air supply system and sufficient air pressure to enhance the mixing degree between the system and waste and flue gas.
4 Excess Air Coefficient
The required air quantity for material combustion is composed of two parts: theoretical air quantity and excess air quantity. The sum of the two determines the oxygen concentration during the incineration process, while the excess air volume determines the oxygen content in the remaining flue gas. The concentration of oxygen in the furnace, as well as the degree of mixing of materials and flue gas with oxygen, seriously affect the combustion rate and clean burning rate of materials. Excessive air volume can improve the combustion rate and clean burning rate, but it will increase the amount of auxiliary fuel, air blowing, induced draft, and exhaust gas treatment scale, which is uneconomical. Conversely, if the excess air volume is too small, the combustion will not be complete, and even black smoke will be produced, and harmful substances will not decompose. Generally, the excess air volume is taken as 30-49.99% of the theoretical air value.
5. Exhaust gas treatment system
Dust collector system
This scheme adopts a centrifugal dust collector - cyclone dust collector, to remove dust from the flue gas after incineration. The dust collection system consists of three parts: a dust collection cylinder, an inverted cone, and an exhaust duct. The function of the dust collection system is to collect the particulate dust contained in the flue gas generated by incineration materials together, which is convenient for centralized cleaning and can reduce air pollution, thus purifying the environment. Working principle of dust collection system: The particulate dust contained in the flue gas generated by burning materials reaches the cyclone dust collector (commonly known as the dust collection bucket) under the strong suction force of the induced draft fan. A cyclone dust collector is a device that uses the principle of centrifugal descent to separate particulate dust from an airflow. The upper part of the cyclone dust collector is conical in shape. When the dust containing gas enters from the tangential direction of the inlet pipe on the upper side of the cylinder, it obtains rotational reverse motion, separates the dust, and is discharged from the exhaust pipe at the top of the cylinder. The dust particles fall into the dust collection cylinder from the conical bottom.
