In the future, the main model of China's broiler breeding industry is "company + base + farmers" or "integration", the following by China's animal husbandry giants for us to debate.
Moderator: Yin Yanxun (President of Poultry Branch of China Animal Husbandry Association, President of Beijing Poultry Breeding Co., LTD.)
Red point of view: In the future, China's broiler breeding model will be based on "company + base + farmers"
Red debater: Vice President of MU Co., LTD.)
Blue side view: In the future, China's broiler breeding model will be "integrated"
Blue debater: Gu Yunfei (Chairman of Jiangsu Jinghai Poultry Industry Group Co., LTD.), Wang Zhenjiang (Chairman of Qingdao Jiulian Group Co., LTD.), Qi Chunqing (General manager of Beijing Yanbei Huamu Technology Co., LTD.), Li Wenwei (Vice President of Fujian Shengnong Development Co., LTD.), Ge Xinfeng (Vice chairman of Shanxi Suhai Group Co., LTD.), Zhang Lei (Marketing Department of Hengxin Financial Leasing Co., LTD.) Manager)
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Yin Yanxun: This debate is divided into three stages. The first stage is for each debater to speak, the second stage is for both sides to speak freely, and the third stage is for each side to choose a representative to make a concluding speech. First of all, the red side one debate palace teacher to elaborate the point of view, everyone is welcome.
Gong Guifen: Whether it is white feather chickens or yellow feather chickens, I think in China for a long time to go "company + base + farmer" model. First of all, from the perspective of the development process, China's broiler breeding first starts from farmers, and then from farmers to companies, and then develops into a "company + base + farmers" model after the company is big. Secondly, from the national conditions, the aquaculture industry in our country is extensive and scattered, and the feeding environment in different areas is different, and the consumption demand is different. Third, if broiler breeding is dedicated to "integration", it needs a lot of funds, excellent technology and perfect equipment to support, and the existing level of breeding is difficult to do. The key of "company + base + farmers" mode is how to raise the scale, concept and technical level of farmers in operation and development.
Wenjie: I agree with Miss Gong. From the information I have seen and from my personal point of view, there is still a certain space for the development of "integration" in our country, and from the perspective of international and long-term development, this model will account for a certain proportion, but the proportion will not be very high. The management of land resources in our country is becoming more and more strict, and the factors of land and capital hinder the development of the "integration" model. Therefore, the main body of the future is the model of "company + base + farmer".
Gu Yunfei: Our view is that we prefer "integration". Let me illustrate my point by analyzing two models. "Company + base + farmers" has an advantage in capital and land, but this model is not conducive to standardized production, production safety and food safety.
"Integrated" enterprises from the supply of chicken seedlings - feed - vaccine - acquisition - slaughter of the whole process is controlled by the company, is conducive to ensuring product quality, can better promote the development of domestic broiler industry, as soon as possible and international standards. Red Party also said that integrated enterprises are mainly faced with two problems of land and capital, if these two problems are solved, integrated enterprises will be the direction of development.
Cheng Lili: I prefer the "company + base + farmer" model for three reasons. The first is the restriction of land. Farming requires a large amount of land. At present, China's land policy is decentralized contract management system. If the land is concentrated on a large scale, it is very difficult, but the development speed will be faster if dispersed farmers are managed.
The second problem is funding. Aquaculture industry needs a lot of capital investment. The model of "company + base + farmer" can fully improve the utilization rate of funds. In terms of the breeding amount of 30 million chickens, the enterprise integration model needs to invest about 1.0 to 120 million, and if it is shared with farmers, it is probably this figure. If farmers scale up and standardize, the investment of farmers may be even larger, reaching a state of 1:2 or 1:3. For most farming enterprises, capital is still a relatively big bottleneck, through bank loans, asset mortgages and other transactions, farming assets are very limited. Therefore, the way of "company + farmer" solves the capital problem well.
Third, the problem of labor force. Aquaculture industry is capital-intensive industry, but also labor-intensive industry. In recent years, affected by the working environment of aquaculture, it is difficult to recruit workers, and young people are not willing to do this line. The "company + base + farmer" model has lower requirements for labor, young people can do it, older people can also do it, and family members can also do other work while breeding.
In terms of the development of the company, the management is becoming more and more difficult, and the "company + farmers" model has improved the sense of responsibility of farmers and greatly improved the management efficiency. Managers can manage 50 farmers, and managers can manage up to 100 farmers.
Wang Zhenjiang: Our topic is the future development model of China's broiler chickens, so does this future mean the next three years, five years or ten years? According to my understanding, the future development direction of China's white feather broiler industry should be in the next 15 to 30 years.
If calculated according to this stage, by 2035, China has reached the level of moderately developed countries, with a per capita GDP of a little more than 20,000 yuan, and a per capita wage of 20,000 yuan. Therefore, if the "company + farmer" model is used after 2025, 5,000 chickens are raised, and if two people need to be hired, then, The labor cost is 40,000 yuan a month, and the average labor cost of a chicken is nearly 10 yuan, which is no doubt. Then there is the cost of land. High labor costs, land costs, and food security mean no scale, no standardization, no money. The problem of food security will not be solved without addressing the development patterns of smallholder farmers. Therefore, the future direction of development must be to take the road of scale, not "company + farmer" but "company + farm". According to this thinking, is it feasible for farmers to take the road of large-scale breeding? We went to the United States and Thailand to visit and found that there are farmers raising chickens one by one, and a chicken farm is less than 100,000 chickens. The main reason is their land privatization, which is obviously not a reality in China. Foreign farmers are rich, Chinese farmers are poor. This situation may get better in the future, but it is obviously not possible if farmers are paid more than civil servants.
At present, China's farming environment is very poor, if you take the road of scale, farmers become farms, raise 200,000 to 300,000 chickens, a chicken farm loan of 5 million, if the loss of 1 million, the blow to farmers is very large, will directly lead to their withdrawal from the industry.
From these aspects, farmers can not become the main body of the aquaculture industry, enterprises must shoulder the heavy responsibility of China's aquaculture industry, the future of China's aquaculture industry still need to take the model of enterprise integration.
Zhang Zhengfen: Why "company + farmer" can develop quickly, in addition to solving the problem of labor and land, a very important reason is the problem of power. Farmers work for their own interests, and working for themselves is not the same as working for the company. Just like in the people's commune period, people did not produce enough food to eat, and after the contract production reached the household, every household could not eat enough food and go out to work.
In addition, the social benefits are very good. The cooperation between farmers and companies is not a simple job, the farmer is the identity of the boss, is wholehearted, go all out to breed, so that he can get the corresponding profits. The company has also driven the common prosperity of local farmers, and the impact on local farmers is good, and it is also in line with the guidance of national policies.
In fact, the chicken industry in developed countries abroad is also a "company + farmers", but they are called farms, and the scale is a little larger. Some experts have said that 99% of foreign countries are contract farming.
On the issue of food safety and standardization in farmer farming, in fact, the "company + farmer model" requires farmers to breed on a scale of about 5,000 to 15,000, which is just right for farmers to breed. Farmers with a certain scale of farming are also standardized operations in the breeding process, and chicken seedlings, vaccines, and feed are provided by cooperative companies, which guarantees product quality 99 percent. Therefore, I think the "company + farmer" model has more advantages than disadvantages.
Qi Chunqing: From four aspects. One, why can't we raise chickens? Because of environmental issues; Second, what do we raise chickens for? It is the pursuit of interests; Third, we raise chickens for food, but we cannot deny the need for attention; Fourth, we have to face not only the domestic market, but also the European and American markets. The conclusion drawn from the above four aspects is that the future development should be based on the "integration" model.
In terms of healthy breeding, Mr.Gordon (consultant of G&S Agricultural Consulting Co., LTD.) said that now Thai broiler chickens have returned to the EU market, because the food safety has met the requirements of the EU, but he also stressed another point that there are still some farmers in Thailand, but the food safety of farmers has not reached the required standards. A series of problems such as disease prevention and control and disease transmission have been caused by farmers' non-standard breeding.
From the perspective of food safety, if the "company + farmers" model is adopted, the healthy environment of farmers is not well controlled, and the quality of feed can not be controlled, resulting in the quality of eggs and meat is not up to standard.
Food safety and a healthy environment are also related, for example, commercial broilers, raised on the ground will cause a high incidence of coccidiosis, the high incidence of coccidiosis is treated with drugs, which is easy to cause drug residues. How to avoid this phenomenon? You need large-scale, automated farming models. I have read some information, Russia's four-layer cage model, such a model can reduce the occurrence of coccidiosis, reduce the use of drugs, reduce drug residues, so as to better meet people's requirements for food safety.
In the case of limited land, how to achieve the maximization of farming? Only take the scale, integration model.
From the basis of profit, we are pursuing the maximization of aquaculture profits. Just now, someone said that the advantage of the "company + farmer" model is risk sharing and benefit sharing. Well, if the risks are shared and the benefits are shared, the interests of the enterprise cannot be maximized.
In addition, the result of the "company + farmer" model is that when the farmer has money to earn, his accumulation is high, and when the market is not good, they have no money to do? He just let it go. When our supply can not meet the needs of the previous company, we can also realize the maximum profit? To sum up, the current model of "company + farmer" is allowed to exist, but in the end, China's broiler farming model must be "integrated".
Zhang Hongyu: In the past, farmers raised chickens, but now some changes have taken place. College students, even postgraduates, and doctors raise chickens, and farmers will gradually become farms, and farmers can also achieve scale. Food safety issues, not the "integration" model is necessarily safe, "company + base + farmers" farming model can also achieve food safety.
"Company + base + farmers" also meets the requirements of agricultural industrialization, when the social division of labor is becoming more and more detailed, "company + base + farmers" model is the inevitable requirement of social division of labor. A few years ago, we went to Japan to visit and study Toyota. More than 90% of Toyota's parts are supplied by suppliers, and it is not integrated, so can we say that Toyota produces bad cars?
In my opinion, the integration model is like the planned economy, "company + base + farmer" is like the market economy, and the market economy is to give full play to their strengths through division of labor and cooperation. The disadvantage of the planned economy is the internal cycle, the chickens they raise themselves, the workers they recruit themselves, can not form a competitive advantage, and the long-term development of broilers is unfavorable. In summary, I think that the development model of "company + base + farmers" is more suitable for the future development of our broiler industry.
Li Wenwei: I would like to use a few statistics to illustrate my opinion. Director Wang Zhicai said in his speech that the broiler industry is a very important part of animal husbandry, and it is a part of the large-scale proportion and high processing level. In 2011, compared with 2005, the scale increased by 18%, and now stands at 86.1%. Researcher Wenjie also analyzed in the report that the proportion of scale below 100,000 chickens is declining, the proportion of scale above 100,000 chickens is rising significantly, and the proportion of scale will rise by 10% to 15% in 2015, to more than 49.99%, then this data also represents the trend of the number of large-scale and integrated enterprises. Therefore, in the future, the number of integrated enterprises must increase.
Secretary General Gong also pointed out in the report that farmers must rely on integrated enterprises to have a way out. The speed of scale and integration is accelerating, and the living space of small enterprises is decreasing. Secretary General Gong believes that small companies will become fewer and fewer and gradually withdraw from the market, and the proportion of large companies will increase and take the road of merger. Therefore, I believe that only integrated development is fundamental.
In terms of the utilization rate of land, the other side of the argument believes that there are problems in the utilization rate of land in integrated enterprises. Zhengda's General Manager Wang has introduced the land use situation of integrated enterprises. According to the data provided by him, I estimated that under normal circumstances, if it is the same land, integrated enterprises can raise 300,000 chickens, and farmers are estimated to raise 100,000 or less than 80,000. From this point of view, the land utilization rate of large-scale and integrated enterprises is very high; In terms of the output value of land, the same is a piece of land, the annual output value of the integrated enterprise is about 45 million yuan, if it is the people planting rice and wheat, the annual output value is only 100,000 yuan, one in the sky and one on the ground.
For the problem of food safety, the other side of the argument said that the people from the previous big pot rice period food is not enough to eat to their own contracted land, food is more than enough. This is true, but now there is a problem that ordinary people keep good and safe things for themselves to eat and sell questionable products into the market. From the farming industry, if the market price of eggs is high, farmers will sell eggs at a higher price; If the price of eggs is low, he sells them to the company; If there is a problem with the egg, he does not tell you, the company can carry out a "head inspection" like Shuanghui?
As for the consciousness of farmers, the breeding industry in China is different from that in the United States. The cultural quality of Chinese breeding practitioners is relatively low. China implements nine-year compulsory education while the United States implements universal higher education. To be able to consciously comply with our laws and regulations is very difficult. The "company + base + farmer" model is difficult to solve food safety problems, and it is impossible to do very well. Therefore, "company + base + farmers" is no way out, integration is the future development direction of the entire industry.
Mao Changqing: Before we talk about this issue, we must first clarify a definition, as our opponent, Chairman Wang Zhenjiang, just said, when it comes to the future, how far is it? If within the next 15 years, it will definitely be the "company+farmer" model, and after 15 years, it may be the "company+farm" model. I completely agree with Mr. Wang's statement on this point. The future is a process of continuous development and improvement, and at this time, the quality of Chinese farmers is also constantly improving.
This debate topic is not about which model is good, but about which model is the main model for the future and which model is more suitable for China. In this regard, I believe that the "company+base+farmers" model is more suitable for the current situation in China.
The "integrated" model does have advantages, both in terms of food safety and management technology level, which I recognize. However, the "integrated" model also has drawbacks. It is a rapid expansion of heavy asset type, requiring a large amount of capital investment, land and water resources, so the "integrated" model has higher requirements. I think the "integrated" model is more suitable for making chicken, but as experts say, this model accounts for less than 10% in the United States, where the top 5 broiler companies are all based on the "company+farm" model.
For China, the current model is the "company+farmer" model, and the future is the "company+farm" model. The scale of aquaculture in China is gradually increasing, and the breeding level, technology, and management of "company+farmers" are constantly improving. From the perspective of industry development, the main model is still "company+farmers".
Ge Xinfeng: I completely agree with the viewpoint of our defense team. I would like to elaborate on the advantages of the "integrated" model. Firstly, it addresses the issue of labor productivity benefits. As we all know, the current scale of free range farming by farmers is relatively small, the infrastructure is poor, the technical level is uneven, and the production efficiency is relatively poor. However, scale and integration can effectively improve the labor force and greatly increase the amount of livestock raised.
Secondly, in terms of chicken disease prevention and control, biosecurity has been effectively controlled. Since the beginning of this year, many chickens have fallen ill, which is due to the poor epidemic prevention conditions, technology, and disease control capabilities of individual investors, thus polluting the breeding environment.
Thirdly, there is the issue of resources. Land and food security issues are inevitable factors that constrain the development of the broiler industry. I fully agree with Mr. Sheng Nong Li's viewpoint that integrated enterprises are very scientific in land use, and at the same time, integrated enterprise standards, standardized and effective feeding plans highlight feed rewards and breeding benefits.
Fourth, food safety issues. Food safety is a topic of concern for all parties involved. The melamine and other incidents that occurred a few years ago were risks caused by the "company+farmer" model.
Ma Xiang: The "company+farmer" model is in line with relevant policies in China. The per capita income gap between urban and rural areas in China is very large now, and the "company+base+farmers" approach has effectively solved the labor problem; Effectively integrated resources to achieve a rapidly developing efficiency. Resource issues include human resources, as well as land and capital. Within 10 years, the difficulty in employing workers in the livestock industry will be a long-term problem, and the combination of companies, bases, and farmers can achieve certain personnel utilization through the form of companies; Regarding food safety issues, some people may have management concerns about the "company+base+farmers" model. The "company+base+farmers" model is also constantly improving, and management and technical levels are also constantly improving. Currently, it is a relatively standardized environment.
Zhang Lei: I believe that the future development of broiler farming will be mainly based on the "integrated" model, for three main reasons. 1、 At present, the continuous increase in labor costs in our country has led to the disappearance of the original population advantage. Nowadays, not only labor costs, but also various costs are constantly increasing. The prices of feed and veterinary drugs are constantly rising, which requires an increase in the number of animals raised, that is, high output is required, and high output requires high input. So, the current "company+base+farmers" model is a compromise product before achieving the "integrated" model.
Secondly, as people increasingly attach importance to food safety issues, enterprises can only solve their concerns about food safety by fully controlling the entire industrial chain, including raw materials, feed, breeding, slaughtering, and deep processing, and achieving integrated operation of the enterprise. So, consumers will not have concerns about food safety.
The third is that the "integrated" model has achieved China's management requirements for environmental control. Farmers handle livestock and poultry manure in a decentralized manner, and there is certainly no integrated enterprise that can handle manure properly. The current "company+farmer" model caters to the accelerating development of society as a whole, reducing financial pressure in this way. However, this model will inevitably be replaced by the "integrated" model.
Second round
Yin Yanxun: Through the speeches of the debaters just now, I believe everyone has basically understood the views of the experts and entrepreneurs. Now, let's move on to a more exciting stage, where each side can speak freely for 5 minutes and freely combine. Let's start with the red side.
Gong Guifen: I want to make it clear that I support the viewpoint of "company+base+farmers". Everyone knows that the integrated model is good, but according to the national conditions, no matter how good it is, there are no feasible conditions and it is not realistic; The opposing debater confused the concepts of scale and integration. Scale does not necessarily mean integration. Nowadays, farmers also engage in scale farming, and farmers are also transitioning towards scale farming; The opposing debater believes that integrated enterprises can better control food safety. I think it is also feasible for companies to monitor farmers. Nowadays, many companies implement unified provision of chicken seedlings, feed, vaccines, and so on, which can also ensure food safety issues; Different ways of consumption. Nowadays, society gradually advocates products that return to nature, and in this regard, "companies+farmers" have more advantages.
Li Wenji: Firstly, the white feathered broiler chicken industry is a high-tech and high-tech industry that cannot be achieved by farmers. The white feathered broiler chicken industry involves many industries such as construction, equipment manufacturing, communication, and finance, which cannot be recognized by a single or a few farmers. It requires a collective team of integrated enterprises to achieve high-tech and high-tech.
2、 On the issue of disease prevention and control and food safety, the opposing debater has actually transferred the risk, shifting the potential problems in disease control and food safety to the general public. If farmers have chickens with diseases, can you receive them?
3、 Integrated industries are a revolution in the "company+farmer" model, where modernization, automation, and high technology have replaced manual labor, intensive land use has replaced wasteful land use, efficiency has replaced low efficiency, and zero pollution has replaced high pollution. Therefore, integrated models are definitely the future development direction.
Cheng Lili: Scale is not integration. Scaling includes the scaling of farmers and the scaling of enterprises. At present, the scale of farming by farmers is also rapidly increasing. Without mechanized operations, our company's layout last year had an average of 12000 chickens per batch. We are also considering improving the degree of mechanization appropriately. If we follow this layout, a farmer can raise 40000 to 50000 chickens, which is completely feasible for farmers. The labor efficiency is comparable to that of integrated enterprises.
Another factor is the scaling up of the company. The future development of the broiler industry is definitely scale, but scale does not necessarily mean integration. Farmers' methods can also be scaled up. Another factor is the timeline, whether it will be 5, 10, or 15 years in the future. If we consider it statically, integration will definitely have the advantage, but this is a process of development. Based on the current state of industrial development, the combination of "company+base+farmers" will also accelerate the development of enterprises. At that point in time, the industrial pattern has already formed, and it has basically taken shape. The "company+base+farmers" model accounts for 60% to 70%, and the integrated model accounts for 30% to 40%. In these years, which model runs faster.
The broiler chickens we raise have a certain degree of environmental pollution. Although we cannot say that we can achieve zero pollution, we can achieve very little pollution, which can be achieved by integrated enterprises and "companies+farmers".
The quality and breach of contract issues of farmers do exist, but after forming a long-term cooperation, farmers are actually very simple. If the company is truly good to them and genuinely considers them, then they will give you the same return. According to our company's situation, the default rate is still very low, whether it is high or low prices, with a default rate of 1%. If there is an epidemic problem, all the killings will be carried out and the company will bear the cost, so that farmers will not have any credit problems. At present, the connotation of "company+base+farmers" has undergone significant changes, drawing on elements of the integrated model as a supplement. Of course, this model also has some drawbacks now. As a group, it is necessary to accurately grasp these factors. As a company in the aquaculture industry, it does not necessarily mean that you must choose which method, but rather that you should choose which method you have more knowledge of and control over.
Zhang Lei: Integration has become the mainstream breeding model, and a vivid example is right in front of us. The top ten companies in the United States account for 72.3% of the country's total output value, but it is a question whether the top ten companies in China can account for 23.7% of the total output value. At present, the level of animal husbandry in our country is backward, but we will never be willing to fall behind. It is indeed difficult to promote the integration process, and there are various reasons. However, I believe that through everyone's efforts and the unity and support of various industries, the development of China's agriculture and animal husbandry can be accelerated, and the "integration" process will also develop rapidly.
Third round
Yin Yanxun: Now each side will select a representative to make a concluding speech, starting from the blue side.
Wang Zhenjiang: We are an integrated enterprise, and I believe that integration has a very mature development prospect in the future. China's broiler farming, with the combination of companies, bases, and farmers, is now leading the way, but there are also serious problems that exist. This model did indeed drive millions of farmers to become wealthy in the 1980s, which is evident to all. In the early stage, our company adopted the model of "company+base+farmers", but after 10 years, it has not further developed. This is our practical experience. In the past 10 years, our company has been following the path of integration, investing 1 billion yuan to establish a modern chicken coop, developing the industrial chain, feed, food processing, etc. We have developed rapidly and well. Future integration is definitely a more suitable path for one-stop enterprises, this is our view.
Wenjie: The integrated model has a reasonable aspect for the white feathered broiler industry, because the entire white feathered broiler farming is an imported product, and both the variety and technology are similar worldwide. I think the focus of the discussion is on who raises commercial chickens. As a member of the Red Party, I agree with the viewpoints presented by our debaters. Due to some problems with the "company+base+farmers" model, some powerful companies are raising their own chickens. However, this model is constantly improving its own problems, such as integrity issues and food safety issues. Simply put, "company+base+farmers" is currently the main form of broiler farming in China and will remain the main form for a considerable period of time in the future.
