First, the history of broiler breeding: China's broiler breeding rose in the middle and late 1980s, has been based on family sideline positioning, there is no standard, no model. In the 30 years of rapid development, the scale of farmers has been gradually expanded (from 300 and 500 to thousands or even tens of thousands); The model is constantly renovated (free-range, flat, net, cage; From open, semi-open coop to semi-closed, fully closed coop); Equipment is becoming increasingly mechanized and automated (from the beginning of POTS and tanks to automatic water lines, material lines, from natural ventilation to mechanical ventilation, from natural light to artificial light, from manual operation to semi-automatic or fully automatic operation), with the continuous rapid expansion of the amount of social farming, in the case of non-standard development led to: Serious environmental pollution, more and more chicken diseases, higher and higher drug costs, more and more difficult to raise chickens, food safety hazards are increasingly prominent. Traditional broiler breeding has also made great contributions in promoting the development of animal husbandry and solving the problem of chicken supply. At the same time, many folk experts in broiler breeding have been cultivated. Their experience and experience and their relatively successful technology have become the foundation and backbone of broiler breeding industrialization, and it is precisely this force that has laid hidden dangers for the healthy development of subsequent large-scale broiler breeding, and empiricism, conceit and stubbornness have become important obstacles to industrial upgrading.

Second, the current situation of broiler breeding: free-range farming households are declining, large-scale farming is on the rise, especially in recent years by private financing, group companies, foreign investment and other investment in large-scale broiler breeding began in Shandong, until the rapid development of the country. Due to the lack of a unified standard, we are hard to learn from foreign practices, domestic mutual consideration, from the site selection, chicken house layout, building mode, building material selection, equipment selection, feeding mode, system, mechanism, management mode and so on have similarities, but there is no unity, a variety of results like the old husband married less wife, look good, but actually very uncomfortable, Lose more, earn less, broiler breeding in the so-called "fast chicken", "drug residual chicken", "bird flu" incident has been repeatedly dragged into the trough, the entire industry and industry is difficult to sustain, heavy losses. Practitioners are also like frosted eggplant, lost direction and confidence, can not find accurate positioning, and there is no good way to improve and enhance the current low point of broiler large-scale farming, production and seeking subcontracting chicken farms are everywhere.

Third, broiler breeding transformation and upgrading: with the entry of foreign capital, with the development of import and export trade, domestic broiler breeding is facing the pressure of transformation and upgrading, so as to be in line with the international market in terms of cost and quality, simple low efficiency, high risk, high cost of quantitative expansion has no meaning, let alone competitive advantage. How to transform? Since it is large-scale chicken breeding, it is necessary to quickly complete the transformation to standardization, standardization and safety on the basis of scale. How to upgrade? It is necessary to implement the basic ideas of science and technology to promote animal husbandry, fully liberate productive forces, improve production efficiency, constantly tap production potential, treat large-scale farming as an enterprise, constantly improve the level of management, and seek benefits from management (as we all know, China's agricultural and animal husbandry enterprises started late, loose management, and lack the necessary scientific management). This is the fundamental reason why many agricultural and animal husbandry enterprises are constantly in trouble, suffer long-term losses, and have to go bankrupt.

Four, the pitfalls of planned farming: 1, investment traps, a lot of rich people heard that someone made money raising chickens, did not know more people lost money raising chickens, so in the case of fever involved in the farming industry, such as the truth of the mountain soon after coming in, often understand, but also late, It is very true that 2-3 years after the large-scale broiler farm is put into operation, it will be wiped out (the light looks at the thief to eat meat, and does not think that the thief will also be beaten). 2, technology trap, 30 years of development of broiler breeding industry has indeed cultivated a large number of breeding experts and folk breeding talent, in the traditional farming to large-scale transformation, many "talent" was hired to large-scale broiler breeding enterprises (farms) responsible for technology, operation, management, the result is that the talent did not become cattle, but became a black sheep. Why? A lot of people don't understand. As the saying goes, the hero does not mention the courage of the year, all the people who said that the farming of the year was how powerful, it is precisely those who carried the heel in large-scale farming. Now, technical seminars and summit forums organized by the government, associations and enterprises are overwhelming, and there are as many presidents, directors, technical directors, field chiefs and technicians from functional competent departments, group companies, enterprises and farms as cattle hair. How can so many people with brilliant history put uneven scale chicken breeding? Yelang arrogant, do not think of progress, blind superstition of their own experience, in the transformation of farming to large-scale personal heroism, team consciousness is weak, learning ability is not enough, and they feel good, the result is that "Yelang (arrogant)" is difficult to become "Niu Lang (cattle breeding people)." The technology and technology system of traditional farming and large-scale farming are different, the management and management system are different, the operation and management system are different, the employees and employees are different, the manpower and human resources are also different, so many different, you keep pace with The Times? Wearing old shoes on a new road, where does the speed come from? Many people tend to deliberately pursue the so-called technology when they fail, but do not know how to work hard from their own and team management, I have said many times that technology is a weapon, management is martial arts, to the management of people who do not understand the technology is equivalent to giving the sword to a person who does not understand martial arts, the result is still useless. 3, training trap: With the development of large-scale farming, all over the training of large-scale chicken breeding is also mushrooming, lectures or those experts, professors, lectures or those who have just graduated students (pastoral school, agricultural school, pastoral school, agricultural college, agricultural university graduates, master's students, doctoral students), training is really so easy to transform? The lecturer has no professional experience, the lack of listening to lectures or the lack of professional experience. Can two heads really be better than one? The farming mode, operation mode, management mode, technology mode, product mode, and human resources training mode of large-scale farming are fundamentally different from traditional farming, have we forgotten the basic law of quantitative change to qualitative change? How can this irresponsible commercial training, this subjective misdirection, help scale broilers get out of trouble and succeed? It also requires long-term reflection, discussion, transformation and improvement. 4, operation trap: large-scale farming as a farming enterprise, the need for modern business philosophy, management system to escort, many farming enterprises do not have this, farming plans, farming processes, technical routes, purchase and sales contracts, finance, equipment, human resources, etc. are not standard, lack of norms, people are not good, chicken farming is not good, money can not earn. Business is business, and it is difficult to achieve results without professionalism. 5. Management pitfalls: Now many breeding companies are basically family management system, division of labor is not clear, responsibility is not specific, behavior is not standardized, mutual elbow and wrangling, lack of necessary, effective communication and coordination, each performing their duties, their own governance, segmentation, in order to full strength and vanity and difficult to cooperate, so the manager is complaining, the boss is angry, employees are swearing, Chicken is only a dead end, why people out of your funeral ah? The truth is also very simple, some large-scale farming perennial in 92-95%, and some large-scale farming (more is some group companies) breeding rate often below 80%, 70%, and even reach a very poor 40%, there is a dream of making money? Mind can not open, do not understand the trust, authorization, decentralization, effective business management can not be realized.

Fifth, consumption space and development prospects: To be realistic, at present, our breeding volume has been saturated or even overloaded (not good, can not eat), obviously oversupply, otherwise there would not be so many, so heavy epidemic and so low market. Many experts, and even the "star" figures in the industry have been trying to encourage the development of the industry, the result is a waste of resources, environmental pollution, the spread of diseases, a large number of chicken is frozen and stored, a large number of frozen chicken products are bad choices for taste or taste, and even affect food safety because of pollution and expiration. In many meetings, in many materials and even reports, many people like to use the standard of per capita consumption of chicken in Europe and the United States to predict the consumption potential and expectations of citizens on chicken, hoping that one day we can also consume 30-50 kilograms of chicken per capita, and they come to the conclusion that our social farming capacity will be multiplied several times. So those rich people began to invest across industries, those hot money, those hot capital, and even a large number of foreign capital into our already surplus chicken industry, the result is that most people died under the single-foot bridge. Why? The Chinese nation is a pursuit of food and health (a bite of China is the envy of foreigners), our recipes are very wide, what dare not eat? What can't you eat? What haven't you eaten? Our meat consumption covers: pork, beef, lamb, chicken, duck, goose, Turkey, rabbit, fox, mink, quail, pigeon, dog, venison, camel, snake, frog, a variety of seafood, a variety of freshwater aquaculture products and so on. In addition, we have to eat a lot of cicadas, silkworm pupae, bee pupae, insects. As a source of protein in food, many are substitutes for chicken. Can we each eat 20 kilos of chicken? (I estimate that Chinese people can really reach 12-15 kg of chicken consumption per capita is the end.) Now that life is good, how many people begin to advocate plain food, vegetarian food, to stay away from obesity and disease? Can the experts be realistic? Don't let your predictions be replaced by blind guesswork; probability is not reality.

The prospect of chicken consumption in the future is stable and slightly increased, but the space will not be very large, after all, Chinese people are still more inclined to pork, fried dishes, steamed buns, dumplings, fire, meatballs, steamed pork, braised meat, double pot meat, ham, canned meat, etc., after all, it is still based on pork. In the future, chicken consumption tends to be more safe consumption, promoting healthy consumption on the basis of strict control of drug residues, diseases, heavy metal residues and pesticide residues, steaming, frying, roasting, cooking, frying, soup, etc., this potential is more in rural areas, and the urban population has not eaten much before it begins to eat enough. Chicken is a traditional consumption item, or to follow the traditional consumption habits of the Chinese people to set the future consumption and development prospects, mainly to improve the quality, not to increase the number.

Six, brainwashing and concept transformation: broiler industry is not healthy, broiler large-scale breeding development is not balanced, mainly we do not have enough and clear understanding of this industrial model, lack of necessary design caused by, will not keep pace with The Times, the brain will not turn, naturally will be Mired in the mire and not pull out.

Brainwashing is to replace and upgrade the traditional broiler breeding concept with a new industrial concept, which is no longer limited to empiricism, ontology, and dogmatism. Transformation is the need to fundamentally change people, this is fundamentally the brain, this is related to our thinking direction, thinking mode, related to our speech and action, do not change it is difficult to improve, do not improve it is not perfect.

Seven, industrial support: broiler breeding industry from traditional farming to scale upgrade, is a sharp turn, is caused by funds, the result is to break the original industrial support, feed, seedlings, slaughter, breeding there is a new imbalance, the result is too much bottleneck, the result has to break the bottle.

In the traditional farming model, farmers are vulnerable groups, industrial resources are around farming to do (mainly for benefits), face to face and large-scale farming cooperation, will encounter picky and challenges, industrial supporting balance is broken, need to re-establish a cooperation model, cooperation process, evaluation system. Scale itself bears more and greater risks, if the supporting resources are not sufficient and unbalanced, it will lead to a further increase in breeding costs and risks, your breeding environment is very good, you can pull feed 100 kilometers away? Can you kill chickens 150 kilometers away? These are very real problems, not to mention the risk of disease transmission.

Breeding industry is more and more concentrated in the hands of large group companies, listed companies, when the scale is expanding, breeding companies are also faced with the problem of management can not keep up with the quality of chicken seedlings will be problems (purification problems, maternal antibody problems, weak chick problems, etc., customer complaints are also greatly increased, seedling problems, the whole breeding has problems); The competition in the feed industry tends to be white-hot, on the one hand, large groups in the development, on the other hand, small companies in the development, and from the big group of executives are also in the industry to mix, so the feed industry in the trend of small profit management at the same time, many illegal manufacturers began to cheat on raw materials, formula, chicken eat not good, how can grow well? In line with the feed development direction of large-scale farming, it is necessary to position the feed factory as the workshop of large-scale farming, work hard in raw material purchase, formula, process, improve feed quality and service quality, and determine the future of the feed industry. Animal protection enterprises also have too many helplessness when facing large-scale breeding. On the one hand, large-scale breeding has broken the product marketing and distribution model controlled by the network in the past; On the one hand, due to the concentration of large-scale breeding, most animal protection enterprises have to reposition and allocate market resources; What is more sad is that because most breeding enterprises have poor breeding results and huge losses, many senior executives of breeding groups are changing like lights, and they are fired by the boss before the animal protection enterprises get familiar with those executives who are responsible for technology and products. Iron farms, running water, so that many animal protection companies do not know what to do, even if you have fist products, often will be left out in the dark interest game, eliminated. If the marketing model cannot be replaced by the product model, the product will never come out. Because slaughtering enterprises generally do not come out and do not go well in deep processing, the result is instability, which will also become a restricting factor for large-scale broiler breeding.

8. Breeding mode: There is no unified standard for the evaluation of the current large-scale breeding mode of broiler chickens, and there are successful cases and failures everywhere. This involves issues such as land supply, farming habits, financial strength, climate, and social farming density. I have four large-scale broiler farms with 1.2 million stocks, all of which are raised online, and I am used to this mode of farming (fully enclosed chicken houses, full grid farming, central heating), and I have repeatedly achieved success.

With the development and maturity of large-scale broiler breeding, the future should be developed by those successful breeding enterprises for different farming models of design, construction, equipment, management standards, only in a unified case, a variety of technical parameters have exchange, reference, demonstration and promotion significance.

Breeding technology: large-scale broiler breeding has very strict technical requirements, and the technical points have become an important support for the success of breeding. 1, biosafety measures should be strict, mainly cleaning and disinfection inside and outside the chicken house, disinfection of personnel and vehicles in and out of the chicken farm, chicken house, rodent control, bird prevention, drinking water disinfection, feed quality control, chicken seedling quality control, vaccine and drug quality control, etc. 2, environmental control to be fine: The density is appropriate (10-13 per square meter is only appropriate), the air quality is up to standard (harmful gases cannot exceed the standard, the oxygen content is sufficient, the humidity is not less than 50-65%, artificial or mechanical humidification is necessary in many cases, and even related to the success or failure of farming), the ventilation mode is reasonable (side window, side fan, longitudinal fan, controller, etc., should be complete, Follow the principle of gradual progress, automatic + manual + change of the basic control ideas, set in line with their own season, chicken coop, chicken needs of the ventilation mode, wet curtain cooling system (in fact, many large-scale farms in the use of wet curtain is inaccurate, the use of age, the use of time, supporting ventilation mode, water Settings, there are a lot of confusion and mistakes), Fog line system (spray humidification, spray dosing, spray dust removal, spray cooling, etc., there are also a lot of needles and threads, and there is not enough first-line experience to understand it in any case).

Ten, feeding management: the feeding management content of large-scale farming is mainly concentrated in the bedding management, feed management, drinking water management, environmental control. Bedding management includes bedding selection, disinfection, use, cleaning, due to the lack of bedding, many farms use a variety of bedding, in fact, according to our national conditions, shavings obviously can not be used, rice husk is a good choice, summer water washing sand and stone powder is still possible; Because the price of bedding is relatively high, many farms are reluctant to use, so they have to symbolically spread a thin layer, soon formed a cake, foot pad, mold infection, chest cyst how to avoid? Feed management is mainly feed raw material selection, formula setting, processing technology, transportation (it is recommended to use bulk materials and bulk skip trucks), the need to focus on fresh feed, full price, no mildew. Drinking water should be tested, as long as it meets the human drinking water standard, it can be used for chickens to drink (Shenjing water and tap water are OK, but tap water is not suitable for drinking vaccines because it contains disinfectants). The core of environmental control is disinfection, providing suitable temperature, humidity, and air quality. Therefore, humidification, fan setting, wet curtain setting, negative pressure setting, wind window setting, fog line setting, etc. for environmental control has become the focus, which is also where many large-scale farms make mistakes and failures.

11. Disease prevention and control: Practitioners who have come from traditional farming have poor awareness of disease prevention and control and strong awareness of disease prevention and control, and are easy to put the cart before the horse, and the thinking mode of fixing the problem is not able to come out. Epidemic disease prevention and control efforts should be made, mainly involving environmental cleaning and disinfection, isolation, blockade, providing a suitable living and growing environment for chickens, reducing and avoiding stress, strengthening active immunity (vaccine selection, vaccine protection, immune procedures, immune methods, immune enhancement), intestinal protection (enzyme preparations, acidifiers, microecological preparations, pure Chinese medicine preparations, etc.), and intestinal protection. Necessary causative and symptomatic treatment (drugs, antibodies, biological products, etc.), auxiliary rehabilitation measures (glucose, multidimensional hormones, amino acids, trace elements, etc.), elimination, blockade, etc., are the main means of disease prevention and control.

12, food safety: In fact, in terms of farming, to ensure the health of raw materials is not too difficult, food safety measures should start from several aspects: environmental monitoring, water quality monitoring, feed monitoring, etc., which can help us stay away from pesticides, heavy metals and other pollution; The second is standardized drug use, prohibited drugs are resolutely not used, the permitted drugs are strictly controlled during the drug withdrawal period, and the sampling and monitoring before slaughter are qualified and then slaughter is arranged; For the diseased chickens that can be treated harmlessly, those that can be made into cooked food will be made into cooked food, and the chicken products will be contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms as far as possible. Secondly, it is necessary to improve the cold chain transportation, chilled and frozen storage conditions to ensure that there are no problems in packaging, transportation, storage and other links after food processing. Of course, for many food processing enterprises, food safety will also involve seasoning, processing technology and other issues.

Xiii. Healthy Operation: To ensure the healthy operation of large-scale broiler breeding enterprises, it is necessary to establish and improve the relevant systems, standards, processes, plans, decision-making, implementation, supervision and other departments and posts, and constantly evaluate the breeding effect scientifically, including production indicators, efficiency, cost, risk, profit, distribution, etc., as long as the healthy operation of large-scale breeding is achieved, This model can be sustained and healthy development.

14, 2014 farming situation forecast: from the overall point of view, from the industry, industry, consumption, market comprehensive analysis, 2014 farming situation than 2013 will be more cruel, competition will be more intense. Breeding, feed, slaughter, and breeding will have many manufacturers (farms) below the medium level eliminated. The overall rebound in consumption is weak and the prognosis is poor.

Although from 2014, the efforts of industry associations and enterprises to reduce the number of ancestral chicken imports, but the subsequent impact will be seen in the end of 2015 and the first half of 2016. Moreover, there are many domestic local varieties such as Sanhuang chicken, Luhua, hemp chicken, native chicken, mixed chicken and so on non-standard breeding, and the variables are also large. The broiler breeding companies and enterprises that can insist on losing to the present are basically large groups and listed companies, they all know that there is hope in the end, and now there is no chance to withdraw, so this kind of capital and endurance game, when is the end? What is the bottom price? When will we win the final battle? I am afraid they are not able to say, in general, the supply of chicken seedlings in 2014, especially in the first half of the year, is still very sufficient, the price will fluctuate below the cost price or near the cost price (2.2-2.6), the era of breeding chicken profits is still far away. Chicken seedlings, cheap, breeding enterprises will feel that the cost is low, and there are opportunities, so the amount of social storage is difficult to come down, the amount is large, the price naturally can not be good, and the dream of breeding enterprises to make money next year is endless. Slaughtering enterprises after long-term losses after the rest is relatively strong, they are also hoping to turn over overnight, can not stop. On the one hand, they have to digest the inventory in 2013, on the other hand, in order to maintain normal production, they have to kill contract chickens (even if the bottom is kept, even if the loss continues), in the face of unprofitable and early chickens in the whirlpool of the epidemic, they are no longer soft, sharpening the knife, and farmers have to put their necks to death in the case of worse. Besides, from January to May 2014, the epidemic is still raging. What can we do? As for the nearly homogeneous animal protection enterprises, who has a fist product? How many are there? Under the increasingly standardized and strict management of veterinary drugs, and the high pressure of food safety, how many opportunities are there for those enterprises that are accustomed to skirting the ball, those that cut corners, and those that are opportunistic? No, it's just pain, risk, bankruptcy. In the future, the animal protection enterprises should go through the baptism of laws, regulations, markets and users, reshuffle and eliminate the fittest.

Fifteen: For the vast number of large-scale farmers in deep water, I think it is necessary to focus on several things in the future: 1, large-scale farming to put management in the first place, the core issue of management is coordination, only good management, the implementation of less problems, no problems. 2, biosafety should be grasped in place, strict disinfection, effective isolation, fly and rat eradication, all in and all out. 3, the immunization should pay attention to Newcastle disease (at least two immunization guarantees, can also pursue three immunization), influenza (H9 is a must to avoid, H5 in the serious epidemic I recommend also to avoid, avoid is definitely better than inevitable), transmission should be early (can advance to 1 day old spray), blastocyst is more suitable for incubator immunization. The immune effect is to point eyes, nose drops (broiler chickens consider the impact of oil seedlings on chicken quality does not advocate intramuscular injection), spray is more reliable, drinking water immunity loopholes and problems are still many, but many chicken farms are just used to drinking water immunity, what? To save trouble. 4, in the early stage of brood humidification is necessary, with a sprayer, fog line spray about 60 degrees of warm water humidification (will not cause the Shertemperature to drop because of spraying). 5, gradual ventilation system, gradual heating system, gradual cooling system, employees are unfamiliar with the equipment, irregular operation and even operational errors, errors are the dead Angle of environmental control and the main source of stress, to be overcome by strengthening on-site training. 6, the whole dewarming standards of broilers should be strictly implemented, from about 35 degrees at the age of 1 day to about 21 degrees at the age of 40 days, otherwise there will be no good growth rate and feed/meat ratio. 7, stable staff and continuous training. (Many companies like to dig people everywhere, the result of the staff style is frivolous, high costs, more problems, unstable), unstable team will not create stable, sustainable improvement of production results. 8, when the market is unstable, we must learn to raise contract chickens. 9, environmental protection issues must be paid attention to, waste water, dust, feces, sick dead chickens, etc. must be dealt with in strict accordance with the relevant regulations, illegal is the business risk. 10. Standardize drug use, reduce drug use, eliminate drug residues, and implement food safety.