& nbsp; (1) The orientation of the chicken coop: The orientation of the chicken coop refers to whether its long axis is horizontal or vertical to the Earth's longitude. The selection of the orientation of the chicken farm should be based on the local climate conditions, geographical location, lighting and temperature of the chicken coop, ventilation, and sewage discharge.
① Lighting: Because the light inside the shed relies on the sun, the temperature inside the shed is affected by solar radiation, and it is necessary to understand the local solar altitude. In winter, we should utilize the radiation of the sun, and in summer, we should avoid radiation. China is located between 20 degrees north latitude and 50 degrees north latitude, and the solar altitude angle varies depending on latitude and season. China is located in the northern hemisphere, with chicken coops facing south. In winter, the sunlight shines obliquely, which can fully utilize the warm effect of solar radiation and the sunlight entering the coops to facilitate their cold and thermal insulation. In summer, there is direct sunlight, with a high angle of the sun and little direct sunlight inside the building, which is beneficial for preventing heatstroke and cooling down.
② Ventilation: It is related to the uniformity of airflow and the size of ventilation, but mainly depends on the angle of the wind direction entering the chicken coop. If the wind direction angle is 0., The wind entering the chicken coop is called a through wind. In winter, the chicken body is directly attacked by cold winds, and there is a stagnant area inside the coop, which is not conducive to removing polluted air; in summer, it is not conducive to natural ventilation and cooling. If the wind direction angle is 90 degrees, that is, the wind direction is parallel to the long axis of the coop, the ventilation power is poor, and the wind cannot enter the coop. The ventilation volume is equal to 0, and the ventilation effect is poor. Only when the wind direction angle is 45 degrees, the indoor stagnant area is small and the ventilation effect is good. In most parts of China, the solar altitude angle is low in winter and high in summer, and southeast winds prevail in summer, while northeast or northwest winds are more common in winter. Southward chicken coops are more suitable, with a south to west wind angle of 15-30 degrees. It's also possible. In addition, when determining the orientation of the chicken coop, the sewage discharge effect should also be considered. When the wind direction angle is 90 degrees, that is, when the chicken coop is parallel to the dominant wind direction, the sewage discharge effect of the site is better. Generally, an angle of 30-60 degrees from the dominant wind direction is taken to avoid zero degree wind direction incidence angle.
(2) The spacing between chicken coops
The spacing between chicken coops refers to the distance between chicken coops, which is an important part of the overall layout of the chicken farm. It is related to the epidemic prevention, sewage discharge, fire prevention, and land occupation of the chicken farm, and directly affects the economic benefits of the chicken farm. Therefore, it should be given sufficient attention. We should comprehensively consider epidemic prevention, fire prevention, sewage discharge, and saving land area Epidemic prevention requirements: Firstly, it should be understood as an unfavorable distance, that is, the distance where the leeward vortex range is large when the wind direction is perpendicular to the long axis of the chicken coop. When the spacing between chicken coops is generally 3-5 times the height of the chicken coop, it can meet the requirements. Experiments have shown that the ratio of the length of the leeward vortex zone to the height of the chicken coop is 5:1, therefore, the spacing between open chicken coops is generally 5 times the height. When the dominant wind direction has an incident angle of 30 to 60 degrees, the length of the vortex is reduced to about three times the height of the chicken coop, which is more beneficial for epidemic prevention and ventilation in the chicken coop. For enclosed chicken coops, due to the use of artificial ventilation and air exchange, a spacing of three times the height between the coops is sufficient to meet epidemic prevention requirements Fire prevention requirements: In order to eliminate fire hazards and prevent accidents, according to China's regulations, civil buildings adopt a spacing of 15 meters, and chicken coops are mostly brick and concrete structures, so there is no need for a large fire prevention spacing. A spacing of about 10 meters can meet the requirements of epidemic prevention and fire prevention Pollutant discharge requirements: The distance between pollutant discharges is generally twice the height of the chicken coop. According to the requirements of sunlight distance for civil buildings, the distance between chicken coops should be 1.5 to 2 times the height of the chicken coop. The discharge of chicken farms requires the use of natural wind. When the angle between the long axis of the chicken coop and the dominant wind direction is 30 to 60 degrees, a spacing of 1.3 to 1.5 times the distance between the chicken coops can also meet the requirements for discharge. Taking into account several factors, the angle formed by the dominant wind direction and the long axis of the chicken coop can be utilized to appropriately reduce the spacing between the chicken coops, thereby saving land When determining the spacing between chicken coops, not only should attention be paid to epidemic prevention, sewage discharge, fire prevention and other issues, but also land conservation should be achieved: in most areas of China, land resources are not very abundant, especially in agricultural and suburban areas where land conservation is even more important. The overall layout of a chicken farm needs to be determined based on the local land resources and their utilization.
① Lighting: Because the light inside the shed relies on the sun, the temperature inside the shed is affected by solar radiation, and it is necessary to understand the local solar altitude. In winter, we should utilize the radiation of the sun, and in summer, we should avoid radiation. China is located between 20 degrees north latitude and 50 degrees north latitude, and the solar altitude angle varies depending on latitude and season. China is located in the northern hemisphere, with chicken coops facing south. In winter, the sunlight shines obliquely, which can fully utilize the warm effect of solar radiation and the sunlight entering the coops to facilitate their cold and thermal insulation. In summer, there is direct sunlight, with a high angle of the sun and little direct sunlight inside the building, which is beneficial for preventing heatstroke and cooling down.
② Ventilation: It is related to the uniformity of airflow and the size of ventilation, but mainly depends on the angle of the wind direction entering the chicken coop. If the wind direction angle is 0., The wind entering the chicken coop is called a through wind. In winter, the chicken body is directly attacked by cold winds, and there is a stagnant area inside the coop, which is not conducive to removing polluted air; in summer, it is not conducive to natural ventilation and cooling. If the wind direction angle is 90 degrees, that is, the wind direction is parallel to the long axis of the coop, the ventilation power is poor, and the wind cannot enter the coop. The ventilation volume is equal to 0, and the ventilation effect is poor. Only when the wind direction angle is 45 degrees, the indoor stagnant area is small and the ventilation effect is good. In most parts of China, the solar altitude angle is low in winter and high in summer, and southeast winds prevail in summer, while northeast or northwest winds are more common in winter. Southward chicken coops are more suitable, with a south to west wind angle of 15-30 degrees. It's also possible. In addition, when determining the orientation of the chicken coop, the sewage discharge effect should also be considered. When the wind direction angle is 90 degrees, that is, when the chicken coop is parallel to the dominant wind direction, the sewage discharge effect of the site is better. Generally, an angle of 30-60 degrees from the dominant wind direction is taken to avoid zero degree wind direction incidence angle.
(2) The spacing between chicken coops
The spacing between chicken coops refers to the distance between chicken coops, which is an important part of the overall layout of the chicken farm. It is related to the epidemic prevention, sewage discharge, fire prevention, and land occupation of the chicken farm, and directly affects the economic benefits of the chicken farm. Therefore, it should be given sufficient attention. We should comprehensively consider epidemic prevention, fire prevention, sewage discharge, and saving land area Epidemic prevention requirements: Firstly, it should be understood as an unfavorable distance, that is, the distance where the leeward vortex range is large when the wind direction is perpendicular to the long axis of the chicken coop. When the spacing between chicken coops is generally 3-5 times the height of the chicken coop, it can meet the requirements. Experiments have shown that the ratio of the length of the leeward vortex zone to the height of the chicken coop is 5:1, therefore, the spacing between open chicken coops is generally 5 times the height. When the dominant wind direction has an incident angle of 30 to 60 degrees, the length of the vortex is reduced to about three times the height of the chicken coop, which is more beneficial for epidemic prevention and ventilation in the chicken coop. For enclosed chicken coops, due to the use of artificial ventilation and air exchange, a spacing of three times the height between the coops is sufficient to meet epidemic prevention requirements Fire prevention requirements: In order to eliminate fire hazards and prevent accidents, according to China's regulations, civil buildings adopt a spacing of 15 meters, and chicken coops are mostly brick and concrete structures, so there is no need for a large fire prevention spacing. A spacing of about 10 meters can meet the requirements of epidemic prevention and fire prevention Pollutant discharge requirements: The distance between pollutant discharges is generally twice the height of the chicken coop. According to the requirements of sunlight distance for civil buildings, the distance between chicken coops should be 1.5 to 2 times the height of the chicken coop. The discharge of chicken farms requires the use of natural wind. When the angle between the long axis of the chicken coop and the dominant wind direction is 30 to 60 degrees, a spacing of 1.3 to 1.5 times the distance between the chicken coops can also meet the requirements for discharge. Taking into account several factors, the angle formed by the dominant wind direction and the long axis of the chicken coop can be utilized to appropriately reduce the spacing between the chicken coops, thereby saving land When determining the spacing between chicken coops, not only should attention be paid to epidemic prevention, sewage discharge, fire prevention and other issues, but also land conservation should be achieved: in most areas of China, land resources are not very abundant, especially in agricultural and suburban areas where land conservation is even more important. The overall layout of a chicken farm needs to be determined based on the local land resources and their utilization.
